perl vs python (hash and list/array)

	perl		python
	hash	array	hash	array (tuple for constant, and list for variable)
symbol (whole, ele)	{},{}	(),[]	{},[]	[]/() (list/tuple), []
declare	my %hash = ("foo", 35) my %last_name = (         "fred" => "flintstone", …)	my @var = (11, 27.1 , "a string"); my @var = qw/ hello my god /	some_dict = {         "fred": "flintstone", …}	list = ['milk', 1, 'lettuce']
clear	%hash = ()	@var = () $#array = -1;	dict={}	list = []
retain the size	my $count = keys %hash;	$scalar = @array; $scalar = scalar @array;	count = len(hash)	l=len(L)
add/use element	$last_name{'wilma'} = "flintstone";	$array[3] = 5 @list2 = (1, @list1, 5);  #nesting is not supported @subarray2 = @array[0,1..3]	some_dict['wilma'] = "flintstone"	a = (1, 2); b = (3, 4); c = (a, b) => ((1,2),(3,4)) c=a+b => (1,2,3,4) L[i:j] = J;
use keys/values	my @k = keys %hash; my @v = values %hash; while ( ($key, $value) = each %hash )   …		k = hash.keys() v = hash.values() for (key, value) in hash.items():   ...
check existence of an ele	if (exists $books{'dino'})	exists  $array[ $index ] -> existence defined $array[ $index ] -> defined	if books.has_key('dino'):
add an ele to the end		push(@coins, "Penny");		list.append(x)
add an ele to the beginning		shift(@coins, "First");		list.insert(0, x)
remove an ele	delete $books{$person};		del books[person]
from the beginning		$var=unshift(@coins);		a=list.pop([i])
from the end		$var=pop(@coins);		a=list.pop()
sort	sort { $a <=> $b } keys(%hash)	@array2 = reverse sort (@array);		sorted([5, 2, 3, 1, 4]) list.sort() list.reverse()
sort (unique value)		my @s = uniq sort @a;
join/split		$firststring = join(", ",@array); @array = split('-',$astring);
index				list.index(var)  #find the first ele that match var
ref	my $hash_ref = {}; $href->{ $key } = $value;			ref_list=true_list